Pineapple
is native to southern Brazil and Paraguay, the modern fruit having been developed by native peoples from an almost inedible wild species. The most significant nutritional elements of pineapple are high quantities of vitamin C, manganese and the enzyme bromelain. We’ve researched and collected a significant amount of information about pineapple health benefits and presented them on this page! 1. Anti-Inflammatory – Different parts of the plant have the above traditional uses for a variety of ailments and their effectiveness could be due to the enzyme bromelain, which is extracted from the plant stems (and also present in the juice in small amounts). It is sold as a digestive enzyme to break down proteins and is used medicinally for a diverse range of conditions from hay fever to burns. It’s primary property is anti-inflammatory. [1]
2. Arthritis Benefits – Bromelain from pineapple, when combined with trypsin and rutin could be helpful in reducing inflammation and knee pain for osteoarthritis sufferers, with possible effects on rheumatoid arthritis as well, although the evidence is scant for the latter. Note that while there is some bromelain in the fruit, it is much more abundant in the inedible stalk. However bromelain is available in supplement form. [1]
3. Bone Health – Manganese is one of the important elements needed for the growth and maintenance of healthy bones, helping to prevent loss of bone density and diseases such as osteoporosis that can lead to a higher risk of fractures. [2] 100g of pineapple contains 44% of the RDA of manganese. [1]
4. Kidney Benefits – Pineapple is a safe fruit for people suffering from chronic kidney disease due to its low potassium content (180mg per cup of chopped fresh fruit). It can provide good nutrition for anyone with a chronic condition. [3]
5. Anti-Parasite Pineapple has been used since old times in the Philippines as a traditional medicine against parasitic diseases. [4]
6. Anti-Cancer – Foods containing bromelain have been linked to chemopreventive action, for example in correlation with colorectal cancer cells. Extract from the plant stems also shows antitumor activity. Vitamin C is also known to strengthen the body against developing cancer. [5][6]
The Wikipedia page for Bromelain [7] states regarding bromelain “No peer-reviewed research shows any efficacy against tumors”. This is to a certain extent misleading – as although the human research has not been done, there have been numerous scientific papers reporting on anti-cancer effects of bromelain in cell and animal studies: For example a 2012 study in the peer-reviewed Journal Of Medicinal Food “Bromelain-induced apoptosis in GI-101A breast cancer cells” [8], and a 2013 study in the peer-reviewed Cancer Investigation “Anticancer property of bromelain with therapeutic potential in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma” [9]
7. Digestive Aid – Bromelain is an enzyme that has been used for centuries as a digestive aid owing to its ability to digest proteins. Some people do not make enough digestive enzymes naturally and benefit from enzyme supplementation.
8. Boosts Immune System – Pineapple is very high in vitamin C. Vitamin C is well known to stimulate the immune system, supporting anti-bacterial and anti-viral action – it can be found in a natural form in pineapple (58% of the recommended daily amount in a 100g serving!). [10]
9. Anti-Blood Clots – There is some evidence that bromelain may help keep platelets in the blood from sticking together, which in turn may help prevent blood clots. If this is the case, it may also promote bleeding in some people and hence might be avoided by people prone to prolonged bleeding.
10. Sinusitis Recovery – Some studies have indicated that bromelain from pineapple may help relieve the symptoms of sinusitis and speed recovery time.
11. Assists E. Coli And Bowel Diseases – Some animal studies have indicated that bromelain may help treat diarrhea related to E. coli infections and reduce inflammation in intestines of people with inflammatory bowel disease. [11]
12. Sore Throat & Infection Remedy – The plant has been used for many years in traditional remedies as a diuretic, to quicken labor, for sore throats, seasickness and venereal disease. Native people in Panama use the leaf juice as a purgative, emmenagogue (stimulates menstruation) and to treat intestinal worms.
13. Fluid Retention – The roots have been used to treat oedema / edema (fluid retention) in Africa and the rind extract for both fractures and hemorrhoids! Scientific research is limited so the evidence is mainly experiential for many of these indications – hopefully the research will begin to investigate more of these potential uses! [12][4]
Pineapple and the environment: Waste material from pineapple growing has traditional use as a fibre for string and textile making. New research shows that it could be used to produce cellulose nanocrystals, which have many possible applications in the production of a highly sustainable and renewable manufacturing material, potentially able to replace some fossil fuel derived plastics! [13][14] Unfortunately, it’s not all good news – some aspects of pineapple production are causing alarm, especially from the heavy use of chemical pesticides and herbicides. Organic pineapples are highly desirable but harder to find as the majority of the large-scale pineapple industry runs on industrialised monoculture. [15]
Safety Note – People with anaemia should limit their pineapple intake as manganese can inhibit iron absorption.
[1] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/895.html
[2] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23509220
[3] http://www.livestrong.com/article/114096-juices-can-cleanse-kidneys/
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineapple
[5] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24123777
[6] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17893836
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromelain
[8] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22191568
[9] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23570457
[10] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24766384
[11] http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/bromelain
[12] http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/pineapple.html
[13] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669013004664
[14] http://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2013/Q4/cellulose-nanocrystals-possible-green-wonder-material.html
[15] http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/oct/02/truth-about-pineapple-production
Source Herbs-Info.com
Pineapple
is a tasty fruit, typically enjoyed during the summertime and for its sweet, tropical flavor. However, the goodness of pineapple extends well beyond its taste, as it offers several health benefits worth exploring.
The fact that it's listed on the World's Healthiest Foods website says a great deal, and there, it's noted as a way to improve overall health ranging from improving digestion to boosting the immune system. (1) At the center of its ability to bolster health is an enzyme called bromelain, which is responsible for reducing inflammation just as effectively as prescribed or over-the-counter drugs, minus the possible negative health consequences. (2)
From reducing swelling gums to helping improve arthritis pain, bromelain works to ensure that such painful conditions are kept at bay. (2)
The many health benefits of pineappleAdditionally, inflammation manifests in ways that aren't necessarily visible or painful, and bromelain's anti-inflammatory abilities work to ensure a healthy-functioning system that fights the free radicals that often set in during inflammation. Research has linked bromelain to reduction in the number of cancer tumors, noting it as an important protective substance that helps signal the death of cancerous cells. (3)
It's important to not throw the core of the pineapple out, since the majority of bromelain is found there. (3) Consider eating the core to enjoy the utmost benefits of the fruit while also reducing food waste.
Bromelain is also a great way to treat post-operative swelling, obtain relief from sinusitis and even help with digestive problems. (2) When it comes to digestive issues, the enzyme helps break down proteins, which is especially beneficial for those with conditions that make them not able to do so efficiently. (2)
The enzyme has also been effective in reducing phlegm and mucus, making it a go-to choice when fighting off a cold or infection. (4)
Furthermore, pineapple has been associated with having properties that improve oral health by strengthening gums and helping preserve teeth, as well as reducing blood pressure and improving eye health. (4)
Sources for this article include:
(1) http://www.whfoods.com
(2) http://www.naturalnews.com
(3) http://rawandnaturalhealth.com
(4) https://www.organicfacts.net
http://science.naturalnews.com
Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/046737_pineapple_bromelain_enzymes.html#ixzz3CRf9aBFA
The bromeliad family of plants very rarely produce edible fruit – with the exception of pineapple, that is. The pineapple is the only available edible bromeliad today! One pineapple is actually made up of individual flowerets that grow and weave together to form the beautiful golden fruit we call a pineapple.
The pineapples lush, sweet, exotic flavour make it a family favourite – but did you know that pineapple is also one of the most healthful foods available today?
Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme in pineapples, is often used as a supplement itself to help boost health and clear up various health issues. Of course, eating pineapple in itself will deliver these same effects such as better heart and circulatory health, improvement in asthma and other breathing conditions as well as improved immunity, reduced inflammation and suppressed growth of cancer cells.
Anti-inflammatory Benefits
Bromelain possesses anticoagulant properties, and thus slows down the ability of blood to clot. This, combined with bromelain’s anti-inflammatory properties, make it a great nutritional supplement (in pure form – aka. eating a pineapple) for bruise prevention and to reduce swelling and redness from burns or sports injuries. Consuming pineapple after surgery is another way to reduce the trauma associated with incisions or injections.
There are a variety of inflammatory-related conditions, ranging from arthritis to inflammatory bowel disease and sinusitis as well as inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, acne, rosacea, dermatitis and psoriasis. The list doesn’t end there. In fact, many diseases nowadays are caused by a major influx of inflammation in the cells and tissues, whether that be from consuming the wrong foods or living in less-than-optimal environmental conditions (i.e., chemical hazards, smog, pollution, etc.).
Bromelain has been useful in treating all of the above inflammatory disorders. The major mechanism of action of bromelain is proteolytic in nature, and may also involve immunomodulatory and hormone like activity acting via intracellular signalling pathways. It has also been shown that bromelain significantly reduces CD4+T lymphocytes, which are the primary effectors involved in inflammation in the body.
Research also indicates that the pain and discomfort associated with arthritis can be reduced by supplementing with 200 – 400 mg of bromelain per day (or you could just eat lots of pineapple every day and get the same effects – remember, the natural, real form of these enzymes are far better than their modified, synthetic form).
Immunity & Cancer
Research published in the journal Planta Medica, found that the chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorauracil, was incredibly inferior to bromelain when treating cancer in an animal study. Those treated with bromelain survived 263% times more than those treated with 5-fluorauracil, relative to the untreated control. Bromelain caused no external harm to the animals, other than improving their health. Chemotherapy drugs do more harm than good, and actually kill off your healthy cells, and make more chemo resistant and malignant cell types within the tumour (meaning the cancer becomes resistant to the chemo drugs).
In addition, the anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant effects of bromelain help to boost our immunity. Studies have shown that it may be able to enhance certain immune receptors in the body, and thus enhance the ability of the body to defend against bacteria and viruses at a more efficient rate. Bromelain helps mechanisms that are already in place to work faster, and more efficiently together, and to allow cells to communicate better with one another.
Pineapple is also incredibly rich in vitamin C, which is the body’s primary water-soluble antioxidant. It defends against free radicals that attack and damage normal cells. Vitamin C is essential for proper immune function, and has also been extensively studied by Dr. Ronal Hunninghake (15-year research project called RECNAC), who showed that vitamin C was selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells in cell cultures.
Heart & Circulatory Health and Breathing Conditions
Bromelain, being an anti-coagulant, means that it may allow blood to flow more freely through the circulatory system. Blood that flows more freely is thinner, and is associated with a reduced chance of stroke, heart attack and other circulatory and heart related issues.
Not only does it help with cardiovascular health, but pineapple’s bromelain enzyme also works in such a way that it breaks down mucus and thins its consistency. In conditions like asthma where breathing is often blocked by thick mucus in the lungs, bromelain acts as a mucus thinner, and helps un-clog the bronchial tubes of the lungs, helping patients breathe better.
All parts of the pineapple contain bromelain, however, the core of the pineapple has more concentrated amounts – be sure to stick the core through a juicer to get all the benefits out of your next pineapple feast!
Sources:
Tochi, B., Wang, Z., Xu, S., & Zhang, W. (2008). Therapeutic application of pineapple protease (bromelain): A review. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7, 513-520.
Gaby, A. (1999). Alternative treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Altern Med Rev, 4, 392-402.
Maurer, H. (2001) Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology, and medical use. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 58, 1234-1245.
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/07/11/bromelain-enzyme-aid-cancer-treatment.aspx
Eckert, K., Grabowska, E., Stange, R., Schneider, U., Eschmann, K., & Maurer, R. (1994) Effects of oral bromelain administration on the impaired immunocytotoxicity of mononuclear cells from mammory tumor patients. Oncology Reports, 6, 1191-1199.
Source Life Love Fruit
is native to southern Brazil and Paraguay, the modern fruit having been developed by native peoples from an almost inedible wild species. The most significant nutritional elements of pineapple are high quantities of vitamin C, manganese and the enzyme bromelain. We’ve researched and collected a significant amount of information about pineapple health benefits and presented them on this page! 1. Anti-Inflammatory – Different parts of the plant have the above traditional uses for a variety of ailments and their effectiveness could be due to the enzyme bromelain, which is extracted from the plant stems (and also present in the juice in small amounts). It is sold as a digestive enzyme to break down proteins and is used medicinally for a diverse range of conditions from hay fever to burns. It’s primary property is anti-inflammatory. [1]
2. Arthritis Benefits – Bromelain from pineapple, when combined with trypsin and rutin could be helpful in reducing inflammation and knee pain for osteoarthritis sufferers, with possible effects on rheumatoid arthritis as well, although the evidence is scant for the latter. Note that while there is some bromelain in the fruit, it is much more abundant in the inedible stalk. However bromelain is available in supplement form. [1]
3. Bone Health – Manganese is one of the important elements needed for the growth and maintenance of healthy bones, helping to prevent loss of bone density and diseases such as osteoporosis that can lead to a higher risk of fractures. [2] 100g of pineapple contains 44% of the RDA of manganese. [1]
4. Kidney Benefits – Pineapple is a safe fruit for people suffering from chronic kidney disease due to its low potassium content (180mg per cup of chopped fresh fruit). It can provide good nutrition for anyone with a chronic condition. [3]
5. Anti-Parasite Pineapple has been used since old times in the Philippines as a traditional medicine against parasitic diseases. [4]
6. Anti-Cancer – Foods containing bromelain have been linked to chemopreventive action, for example in correlation with colorectal cancer cells. Extract from the plant stems also shows antitumor activity. Vitamin C is also known to strengthen the body against developing cancer. [5][6]
The Wikipedia page for Bromelain [7] states regarding bromelain “No peer-reviewed research shows any efficacy against tumors”. This is to a certain extent misleading – as although the human research has not been done, there have been numerous scientific papers reporting on anti-cancer effects of bromelain in cell and animal studies: For example a 2012 study in the peer-reviewed Journal Of Medicinal Food “Bromelain-induced apoptosis in GI-101A breast cancer cells” [8], and a 2013 study in the peer-reviewed Cancer Investigation “Anticancer property of bromelain with therapeutic potential in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma” [9]
7. Digestive Aid – Bromelain is an enzyme that has been used for centuries as a digestive aid owing to its ability to digest proteins. Some people do not make enough digestive enzymes naturally and benefit from enzyme supplementation.
8. Boosts Immune System – Pineapple is very high in vitamin C. Vitamin C is well known to stimulate the immune system, supporting anti-bacterial and anti-viral action – it can be found in a natural form in pineapple (58% of the recommended daily amount in a 100g serving!). [10]
9. Anti-Blood Clots – There is some evidence that bromelain may help keep platelets in the blood from sticking together, which in turn may help prevent blood clots. If this is the case, it may also promote bleeding in some people and hence might be avoided by people prone to prolonged bleeding.
10. Sinusitis Recovery – Some studies have indicated that bromelain from pineapple may help relieve the symptoms of sinusitis and speed recovery time.
11. Assists E. Coli And Bowel Diseases – Some animal studies have indicated that bromelain may help treat diarrhea related to E. coli infections and reduce inflammation in intestines of people with inflammatory bowel disease. [11]
12. Sore Throat & Infection Remedy – The plant has been used for many years in traditional remedies as a diuretic, to quicken labor, for sore throats, seasickness and venereal disease. Native people in Panama use the leaf juice as a purgative, emmenagogue (stimulates menstruation) and to treat intestinal worms.
13. Fluid Retention – The roots have been used to treat oedema / edema (fluid retention) in Africa and the rind extract for both fractures and hemorrhoids! Scientific research is limited so the evidence is mainly experiential for many of these indications – hopefully the research will begin to investigate more of these potential uses! [12][4]
Pineapple and the environment: Waste material from pineapple growing has traditional use as a fibre for string and textile making. New research shows that it could be used to produce cellulose nanocrystals, which have many possible applications in the production of a highly sustainable and renewable manufacturing material, potentially able to replace some fossil fuel derived plastics! [13][14] Unfortunately, it’s not all good news – some aspects of pineapple production are causing alarm, especially from the heavy use of chemical pesticides and herbicides. Organic pineapples are highly desirable but harder to find as the majority of the large-scale pineapple industry runs on industrialised monoculture. [15]
Safety Note – People with anaemia should limit their pineapple intake as manganese can inhibit iron absorption.
[1] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/895.html
[2] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23509220
[3] http://www.livestrong.com/article/114096-juices-can-cleanse-kidneys/
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineapple
[5] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24123777
[6] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17893836
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromelain
[8] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22191568
[9] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23570457
[10] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24766384
[11] http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/bromelain
[12] http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/pineapple.html
[13] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669013004664
[14] http://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2013/Q4/cellulose-nanocrystals-possible-green-wonder-material.html
[15] http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/oct/02/truth-about-pineapple-production
Source Herbs-Info.com
Pineapple
is a tasty fruit, typically enjoyed during the summertime and for its sweet, tropical flavor. However, the goodness of pineapple extends well beyond its taste, as it offers several health benefits worth exploring.
The fact that it's listed on the World's Healthiest Foods website says a great deal, and there, it's noted as a way to improve overall health ranging from improving digestion to boosting the immune system. (1) At the center of its ability to bolster health is an enzyme called bromelain, which is responsible for reducing inflammation just as effectively as prescribed or over-the-counter drugs, minus the possible negative health consequences. (2)
From reducing swelling gums to helping improve arthritis pain, bromelain works to ensure that such painful conditions are kept at bay. (2)
The many health benefits of pineappleAdditionally, inflammation manifests in ways that aren't necessarily visible or painful, and bromelain's anti-inflammatory abilities work to ensure a healthy-functioning system that fights the free radicals that often set in during inflammation. Research has linked bromelain to reduction in the number of cancer tumors, noting it as an important protective substance that helps signal the death of cancerous cells. (3)
It's important to not throw the core of the pineapple out, since the majority of bromelain is found there. (3) Consider eating the core to enjoy the utmost benefits of the fruit while also reducing food waste.
Bromelain is also a great way to treat post-operative swelling, obtain relief from sinusitis and even help with digestive problems. (2) When it comes to digestive issues, the enzyme helps break down proteins, which is especially beneficial for those with conditions that make them not able to do so efficiently. (2)
The enzyme has also been effective in reducing phlegm and mucus, making it a go-to choice when fighting off a cold or infection. (4)
Furthermore, pineapple has been associated with having properties that improve oral health by strengthening gums and helping preserve teeth, as well as reducing blood pressure and improving eye health. (4)
Sources for this article include:
(1) http://www.whfoods.com
(2) http://www.naturalnews.com
(3) http://rawandnaturalhealth.com
(4) https://www.organicfacts.net
http://science.naturalnews.com
Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/046737_pineapple_bromelain_enzymes.html#ixzz3CRf9aBFA
The bromeliad family of plants very rarely produce edible fruit – with the exception of pineapple, that is. The pineapple is the only available edible bromeliad today! One pineapple is actually made up of individual flowerets that grow and weave together to form the beautiful golden fruit we call a pineapple.
The pineapples lush, sweet, exotic flavour make it a family favourite – but did you know that pineapple is also one of the most healthful foods available today?
Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme in pineapples, is often used as a supplement itself to help boost health and clear up various health issues. Of course, eating pineapple in itself will deliver these same effects such as better heart and circulatory health, improvement in asthma and other breathing conditions as well as improved immunity, reduced inflammation and suppressed growth of cancer cells.
Anti-inflammatory Benefits
Bromelain possesses anticoagulant properties, and thus slows down the ability of blood to clot. This, combined with bromelain’s anti-inflammatory properties, make it a great nutritional supplement (in pure form – aka. eating a pineapple) for bruise prevention and to reduce swelling and redness from burns or sports injuries. Consuming pineapple after surgery is another way to reduce the trauma associated with incisions or injections.
There are a variety of inflammatory-related conditions, ranging from arthritis to inflammatory bowel disease and sinusitis as well as inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, acne, rosacea, dermatitis and psoriasis. The list doesn’t end there. In fact, many diseases nowadays are caused by a major influx of inflammation in the cells and tissues, whether that be from consuming the wrong foods or living in less-than-optimal environmental conditions (i.e., chemical hazards, smog, pollution, etc.).
Bromelain has been useful in treating all of the above inflammatory disorders. The major mechanism of action of bromelain is proteolytic in nature, and may also involve immunomodulatory and hormone like activity acting via intracellular signalling pathways. It has also been shown that bromelain significantly reduces CD4+T lymphocytes, which are the primary effectors involved in inflammation in the body.
Research also indicates that the pain and discomfort associated with arthritis can be reduced by supplementing with 200 – 400 mg of bromelain per day (or you could just eat lots of pineapple every day and get the same effects – remember, the natural, real form of these enzymes are far better than their modified, synthetic form).
Immunity & Cancer
Research published in the journal Planta Medica, found that the chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorauracil, was incredibly inferior to bromelain when treating cancer in an animal study. Those treated with bromelain survived 263% times more than those treated with 5-fluorauracil, relative to the untreated control. Bromelain caused no external harm to the animals, other than improving their health. Chemotherapy drugs do more harm than good, and actually kill off your healthy cells, and make more chemo resistant and malignant cell types within the tumour (meaning the cancer becomes resistant to the chemo drugs).
In addition, the anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant effects of bromelain help to boost our immunity. Studies have shown that it may be able to enhance certain immune receptors in the body, and thus enhance the ability of the body to defend against bacteria and viruses at a more efficient rate. Bromelain helps mechanisms that are already in place to work faster, and more efficiently together, and to allow cells to communicate better with one another.
Pineapple is also incredibly rich in vitamin C, which is the body’s primary water-soluble antioxidant. It defends against free radicals that attack and damage normal cells. Vitamin C is essential for proper immune function, and has also been extensively studied by Dr. Ronal Hunninghake (15-year research project called RECNAC), who showed that vitamin C was selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells in cell cultures.
Heart & Circulatory Health and Breathing Conditions
Bromelain, being an anti-coagulant, means that it may allow blood to flow more freely through the circulatory system. Blood that flows more freely is thinner, and is associated with a reduced chance of stroke, heart attack and other circulatory and heart related issues.
Not only does it help with cardiovascular health, but pineapple’s bromelain enzyme also works in such a way that it breaks down mucus and thins its consistency. In conditions like asthma where breathing is often blocked by thick mucus in the lungs, bromelain acts as a mucus thinner, and helps un-clog the bronchial tubes of the lungs, helping patients breathe better.
All parts of the pineapple contain bromelain, however, the core of the pineapple has more concentrated amounts – be sure to stick the core through a juicer to get all the benefits out of your next pineapple feast!
Sources:
Tochi, B., Wang, Z., Xu, S., & Zhang, W. (2008). Therapeutic application of pineapple protease (bromelain): A review. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7, 513-520.
Gaby, A. (1999). Alternative treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Altern Med Rev, 4, 392-402.
Maurer, H. (2001) Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology, and medical use. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 58, 1234-1245.
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/07/11/bromelain-enzyme-aid-cancer-treatment.aspx
Eckert, K., Grabowska, E., Stange, R., Schneider, U., Eschmann, K., & Maurer, R. (1994) Effects of oral bromelain administration on the impaired immunocytotoxicity of mononuclear cells from mammory tumor patients. Oncology Reports, 6, 1191-1199.
Source Life Love Fruit
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